Answering Common Questions About the Hepatitis A Vaccine
Travelling to new destinations is an exciting experience, but it also comes with health risks that should not be ignored. One such risk is hepatitis A, a highly contagious liver infection caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV). Fortunately, vaccination provides reliable protection. If you’re planning a trip and wondering whether you need the hepatitis A vaccine, this guide will answer your most common questions.
What is hepatitis A, and how is it spread?
Hepatitis A is a viral infection that affects the liver. It spreads primarily through ingesting food or water contaminated with faeces from an infected person. Poor sanitation and inadequate hygiene are the main contributors to its transmission. The virus can also be spread through close personal contact with someone who has hepatitis A.
Unlike some other forms of hepatitis, hepatitis A does not cause chronic liver disease, but it can lead to severe illness, particularly in older adults or individuals with pre-existing liver conditions.
Who should get the hepatitis A vaccine?
The hepatitis A vaccine is recommended for a variety of travellers and individuals at risk. If you are visiting countries where sanitation may be compromised or where hepatitis A is more common, vaccination is strongly advised. This includes popular destinations in Africa, Asia, Central and South America, and parts of Eastern Europe.
Additionally, the vaccine is recommended for:
- People with chronic liver disease
- Individuals who work in environments where they may be exposed to the virus (such as sewage workers or healthcare professionals)
- Men who have sex with men
- People who use recreational drugs
- Anyone who wants protection against hepatitis A
How effective is the hepatitis A vaccine?
The hepatitis A vaccine is highly effective. A single dose provides significant protection within two to three weeks, and a second booster dose, given six to twelve months later, offers long-term immunity—typically lasting for at least 20 years, if not for life. Studies have shown that the vaccine has an effectiveness rate of over 95% after the full course.
When should I get vaccinated before travelling?
It’s best to get vaccinated at least two weeks before your departure to ensure your body has time to build immunity. However, even if your trip is imminent, getting the vaccine as late as the day before travel can still provide some level of protection. If you’re a frequent traveller, planning ahead and completing the full vaccination course will give you long-term immunity.
What are the possible side effects of the hepatitis A vaccine?
Most people tolerate the hepatitis A vaccine very well, with minimal side effects. When side effects do occur, they are usually mild and short-lived. The most common side effects include:
- Soreness or redness at the injection site
- Mild fever
- Fatigue
- Headache
Severe allergic reactions are extremely rare. If you have concerns about allergies or any pre-existing conditions, discuss them with your healthcare provider before getting vaccinated.
Can I get hepatitis A even if I’ve been vaccinated?
Once fully vaccinated, your risk of contracting hepatitis A is extremely low. The vaccine offers strong protection, particularly after completing the two-dose schedule. However, no vaccine is 100% effective, so maintaining good hygiene and avoiding potentially contaminated food and water while travelling is still advisable.
Is the hepatitis A vaccine mandatory for travel?
In most cases, the hepatitis A vaccine is not a legal requirement for entry into a country. However, some employers, particularly in healthcare and food service industries, may require vaccination for occupational health and safety reasons. Even if it’s not mandatory, many doctors and travel health experts strongly recommend it for those visiting high-risk areas.
Can I receive the hepatitis A vaccine alongside other travel vaccines?
Yes, the hepatitis A vaccine can be safely administered alongside other travel vaccinations. Many travellers receive it in combination with the hepatitis B vaccine (as part of a combined hepatitis A and B vaccine) or alongside vaccines for typhoid, yellow fever, or rabies. Your healthcare provider can help determine the best vaccination schedule based on your destination and medical history.
What should I do if I think I’ve been exposed to hepatitis A?
If you suspect you have been exposed to hepatitis A, contact a healthcare professional as soon as possible. Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) may be available, which includes receiving the hepatitis A vaccine or immunoglobulin within two weeks of exposure to reduce the risk of infection.
Where can I get the hepatitis A vaccine?
The hepatitis A vaccine is available at private travel clinics, GP surgeries, and some pharmacies. To ensure you’re protected before your trip, consider booking an appointment with a reputable clinic.
If you’re planning to travel soon, it’s always best to take proactive steps towards safeguarding your health. Book your hepatitis A vaccination today and travel with peace of mind knowing you’re protected against this preventable disease.
